Basic Rules for All Drone Operators

Navigating the skies with a drone in China requires adherence to a set of fundamental rules established by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). These basic rules ensure the safety of the operator, the public, and other airspace users. Key regulations include age requirements, mandatory registration for drones weighing between 250 grams and 25 kilograms, and obtaining the appropriate pilot certification. Operators must also follow specific operating limits, such as maximum altitude restrictions, maintaining visual line of sight, and adhering to no-fly zones. By complying with these essential guidelines, drone operators can fly responsibly and legally, contributing to a safer airspace for everyone.

Age Requirements

Transport China has set minimum age requirements for drone operators to ensure a basic level of maturity and responsibility. The requirements are as follows:

• Recreational Users: Must be at least 14 years old.
• Commercial Operators: Must be at least 16 years old.
• Advanced Operations: Operators involved in advanced operations or needing a Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) must also be at least 16 years old.

Parents or guardians can supervise younger operators, but they must be present and actively involved in the operation.

Registration

Process for Registering Drones

All drones weighing between 250 grams and 25 kilograms must be registered with the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) before they can be legally operated. The registration process involves the following steps:

1. Create an Account: Visit the CAAC Drone Management Portal and create an account.
2. Provide Information: Enter details about the drone, including make, model, and serial number.
3. Pay the Fee: Pay the registration fee.
4. Receive Registration Number: Once registered, you will receive a unique registration number.
5. Mark the Drone: Display the registration number on your drone in a clear and visible location.

Exemptions

Drones weighing less than 250 grams do not need to be registered, but operators must still follow basic safety guidelines and regulations.

Drone Pilot Certificate

Types of Certificates

Transport China requires drone pilots to be certified to ensure they have the necessary knowledge and skills for safe operation. There are two main types of drone pilot certificates:

1. Basic Operations Certificate: For operators flying drones within visual line of sight and away from bystanders.
   • Requirements: Pass the online Basic Operations exam.
   • Limitations: Cannot fly in controlled airspace or near bystanders.
2. Advanced Operations Certificate: For operators conducting advanced operations, such as flying in controlled airspace, near people, or beyond visual line of sight.
   • Requirements: Pass the online Advanced Operations exam and a flight review.
   • Capabilities: Allows for more complex and higher-risk operations.

How to Obtain a Certificate

1. Study: Review the CAAC’s study guide and resources.
2. Take the Exam: Register for and complete the appropriate online exam.
3. Flight Review: For the Advanced Operations Certificate, schedule and pass a flight review with an accredited reviewer.
4. Receive Certificate: Upon successful completion, you will receive your drone pilot certificate.

Identification

Marking Your Drone

All registered drones must display their registration number. The marking must be:

• Visible: Clearly visible on the drone’s body.
• Durable: Resistant to wear and weather conditions.
• Legible: Easy to read and distinguish.

Using a permanent marker, label, or engraved plate are acceptable methods for marking your drone.

Operating Rules

Maximum Altitude

• Height Restriction: Drones must not be flown higher than 120 meters (400 feet) above ground level.
• Exceptions: Specific operations requiring higher altitudes must have prior approval from the CAAC.

Distance from People

• Safe Distance: Maintain a minimum distance of 30 meters from bystanders for basic operations.
• Advanced Operations: With an Advanced Operations Certificate, operators can fly closer to people, but must follow specific safety protocols.

Restricted Airspace

• No-Fly Zones: Drones are prohibited from flying in certain areas, including near airports, military installations, and critical infrastructure.
• Controlled Airspace: Operators must obtain permission from the CAAC to fly in controlled airspace.

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)

• Requirement: Operators must keep their drone within visual line of sight at all times without the use of visual aids (e.g., binoculars).
• Exceptions: Special permissions are required for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations.

Night Operations

• Lighting: Drones must have proper lighting to be visible during night operations.
• Certification: Operators must hold an Advanced Operations Certificate and follow specific night flying regulations.

Safety Requirements

Pre-Flight Checks

Before each flight, operators must conduct thorough pre-flight checks to ensure the drone is in good working condition. This includes:

• Battery Levels: Ensure batteries are fully charged and functioning.
• Propellers: Check for damage and ensure they are securely attached.
• Sensors and Cameras: Verify that all sensors and cameras are operational.
• Firmware and Software: Confirm that the drone’s firmware and control software are up-to-date.

Flight Log

Keeping a flight log is recommended for both recreational and commercial operators. The log should include:

• Date and Time: Record the date and time of each flight.
• Location: Note the location of the flight.
• Duration: Record the start and end times of the flight.
• Notes: Include any observations or issues encountered during the flight.

Safety Equipment

Having the right safety equipment can prevent accidents and mitigate risks. Essential safety equipment includes:

• First Aid Kit: For any minor injuries.
• Fire Extinguisher: In case of battery fires or other emergencies.
• Protective Gear: Such as gloves and safety glasses for handling batteries and equipment.

Summary

Adhering to these basic rules ensures that drone operators in China can fly safely and legally. These regulations not only protect public safety and airspace integrity but also foster a responsible and informed drone community. By following these guidelines, operators can enjoy the benefits of drone technology while minimizing risks and legal issues.